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Polygonum persicaria L.

Lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley

Lady’s thumb, a native of Europe and Asia, became naturalized throughout the entire United States after its introduction there. It is an annual.

Plants: Up to 3′ (91 cm) in height, though smaller plants are common. Stems are openly branched and often reddish.

Leaves: Alternate, lanceolate to elliptic, 1–8″ (2.5–20 cm) long and ¼–2″ (6.3–50 mm) wide. Leaf stems (petioles) are ⅛–¼″ (5–8 mm) long. Leaves often have a dark purplish triangular or lunate patch on them. Leaf joints are covered by a papery sheath (ocrea) which is characteristic of this genus. Hairs extend up to 1/16″ (2 mm) from the ocrea.

Flowers: Tiny pink and white flowers form groups of spikes ½–1½″ (1.3–3.8 cm) long—the most noticeable feature of these rather inconspicuous plants. Flowers appear from June to July.

Fruits: Brown to black, glossy, with one seed. They are roughly egg-shaped, but somewhat angular. Each fruit is less than 1/16″ (2 mm) long. Fruits appear from July to September.

Habitats: Disturbed soils that are wet or seasonally wet, such as ditches, pastures, grain fields, and water edges.

Edibility: The leaves and young shoots are “palatable and nutritious.” Young leaves may be added to salads, or cooked and served with vinegar, tasting a bit like spinach.

Medical:

Some similar species:

Some similar species.

Online References:

The Missouri Botanical Garden

CalPhotos at the University of California, Berkeley

Alaskawildflowers.us

Turner Photographics' Wildflowers site

Plants for a Future

Wric.ucdavis.edu (PDF)

Flora of North America

References:

Peterson, Lee Allen, Peterson Field Guides: Edible Wild Plants of Eastern/Central North America, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1977, p. 116

Clemants, Steven; Gracie, Carol, Wildflowers in the Field and Forest, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 76

Persicaria maculata (Raf.) Gray
Persicaria maculosa Gray
Persicaria persicaria (L.) Small, nom. inval.
Persicaria puritanorum (Fernald) Soják
Persicaria ruderalis (Salisb.) C.F. Reed
Persicaria ruderalis (Salisb.) C.F. Reed var. vulgaris (Webb & Moq.) C.F. Reed
Persicaria vulgaris Webb & Moq.
Polygonum dubium Stein
Polygonum fusiforme Greene
Polygonum minus auct. non Huds.
Polygonum minus Huds. var. subcontinuum (Meisn.) Fernald
Polygonum persicaria L. var. angustifolium Beckh.
Polygonum persicaria L. var. ruderale (Salisb.) Meisn.
Polygonum puritanorum Fernald

 

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/3/2009 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Ayer, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 5 × 5″ (13 × 13 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

8/31/2013 · Riverside Park, James River, Midlothian, Virginia · ≈ 6 × 4½″ (15 × 12 cm) ID is uncertain

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

8/31/2013 · Riverside Park, James River, Midlothian, Virginia · ≈ 8 × 5″ (19 × 13 cm) ID is uncertain

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/9/2014 · Bemis Road, Pepperell, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 6 × 9″ (16 × 23 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

8/30/2020 · Cliff Trail, Harpswell, Maine · ≈ 1 × 1½′ (34 × 52 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/9/2014 · Bemis Road, Pepperell, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 5 × 5″ (13 × 13 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/19/2013 · Harvard, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 6 × 8″ (14 × 20 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/18/2017 · Purgatory Falls, Mont Vernon, New Hamp­shire · ≈ 7 × 4½″ (16 × 11 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

7/17/2009 · Mt. Lebanon St, Trail, Pepperell, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 10 × 7″ (26 × 17 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/14/2009 · Near Nashoba Hospital, Ayer, Mass­a­chu­setts

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/9/2014 · Bemis Road, Pepperell, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 11 × 7″ (28 × 18 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

8/7/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, near Nashoba Hospital, Ayer, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 7 × 10″ (16 × 25 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

8/30/2020 · Cliff Trail, Harpswell, Maine · ≈ 1½ × 1′ (52 × 34 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

Usually pink, but may be greenish white or purple. · 8/7/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, near Nashoba Hospital, Ayer, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 4 × 4″ (11 × 10 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/10/2016 · Arlington St., Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

A bit pinker than usual. · 9/18/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 5 × 4½″ (13 × 11 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/10/2016 · Arlington St., Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

A bit pinker than usual. · 9/18/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton Center, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 6 × 9″ (15 × 23 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/9/2014 · Bemis Road, Pepperell, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 6 × 8″ (14 × 20 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/19/2013 · Harvard, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 8 × 6″ (20 × 14 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/14/2009 · Near Nashoba Hospital, Ayer, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 1 × 2′ (41 × 62 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

8/3/2009 · 111 Near 119, Pepperell, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 5 × 6″ (13 × 15 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/19/2013 · Harvard, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 6 × 7″ (14 × 16 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

8/31/2013 · Riverside Park, James River, Midlothian, Virginia · ≈ 5 × 8″ (13 × 19 cm) ID is uncertain

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/9/2014 · Bemis Road, Pepperell, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 6 × 8″ (14 × 19 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

8/6/2009 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 4 × 3″ (10 × 7.7 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

8/6/2009 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 5 × 3½″ (12 × 9.2 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

8/7/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, near Nashoba Hospital, Ayer, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 9 × 6″ (22 × 15 cm)

Polygonum persicaria (lady’s thumb, persicaria, redleg, spotted ladysthumb, Adam’s plaster, lily of the valley)

9/19/2013 · Harvard, Mass­a­chu­setts · ≈ 6 × 8″ (14 × 20 cm)

KingdomPlantaePlants, but not fungi, lichens, or algae (from Stearn's Botanical Latin)
SubkingdomTracheobiontaVascular plants—plants with a “circulatory system” for delivering water and nutrients
DivisionMagnoliophytaFlowering plants, also known as angiosperms
ClassMagnoliopsidaDicotyledons—plants with two initial seed leaves
SubclassCaryophyllidaeCacti, many other succulents, carnivorous plants, and leadworts
OrderCaryophyllalesIncludes cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, and many carnivorous plants
FamilyPolygonaceaeKnotweed or smartweed family
GenusPolygonumGreek poly, “many,” and gonu, “knee,” for the swollen jointed stems
SpeciespersicariaFrom persica, “peach-like,” and sagittata, “barbed or arrow shaped,” for the leaf shape. This is the medieval name for knotweed

About plant names...

Range: Zones 4-8:

About this map...

Polygonum persicaria description by Thomas H. Kent, not updated.

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